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【英文标准名称】:SPECIALPRODUCTSFORHYDRAULICCONCRETECONSTRUCTIONS.IDENTIFICATIONTEST.DETERMINATIONOFTHEEPOXIDEINDEX.
【原文标准名称】:水硬性混凝土建筑用的特殊产品.鉴别试验.环氧树脂指数的确定
【标准号】:NFP18-812-1989
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1989-07
【实施或试行日期】:1989-06-05
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:粘合剂;水泥与混凝土技术;试验;名称与符号;水硬粘结料;环氧化合物;环氧衍生物;碘滴定法;环氧树脂
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Q13
【国际标准分类号】:91_100_30;91_100_10
【页数】:6P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforDeterminationofMaximumDryUnitWeightandWaterContentRangeforEffectiveCompactionofGranularSoilsUsingaVibratingHammer
【原文标准名称】:用振动锤测定粒状土壤有效压实的最大干燥单位重量和含水量范围的试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7382-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:density;granularsoil;soilcompaction;unitweight;vibratinghammer;watercontent;Granularsoil;Vibratinghammer;Watercontent--soil
【摘要】:Formanycohesionless,free-drainingsoils,themaximumdryunitweightisoneofthekeycomponentsinevaluatingthestateofcompactnessofagivensoilmassthatiseithernaturallyoccurringorisconstructed(fill).Soilplacedasanengineeredfilliscompactedtoadensestatetoobtainsatisfactoryengineeringpropertiessuchasshearstrength,compressibility,permeability,orcombinationsthereof.Also,foundationsoilsareoftencompactedtoimprovetheirengineeringproperties.Laboratorycompactiontestsprovidethebasisfordeterminingthepercentcompactionandwatercontentneededatthetimeofcompactiontoachievetherequiredengineeringproperties,andforcontrollingconstructiontoassurethattherequiredunitweightsandwatercontentsareachieved.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatpercentcompactionisagoodindicatorofthestateofcompactnessofagivensoilmass.However,theengineeringproperties,suchasstrength,compressibility,andpermeabilityofagivensoil,compactedbyvariousmethodstoagivenstateofcompactnesscanvaryconsiderably.Therefore,considerableengineeringjudgmentmustbeusedinrelatingtheengineeringpropertiesofsoiltothestateofcompactness.Experienceindicatesthattheconstructioncontrolaspectsdiscussedin5.2areextremelydifficulttoimplementoryielderroneousresultswhendealingwithcertainsoils.5.4.1,5.4.2,and5.4.3describetypicalproblemsoils,theproblemsencounteredwhendealingwithsuchsoils,andpossiblesolutionstotheseproblems.Degradation8212;Soilscontainingparticlesthatdegradeduringcompactionareaproblem,especiallywhenmoredegradationoccursduringlaboratorycompactionthanfieldcompaction,asistypical.Degradationtypicallyoccursduringthecompactionofagranular-residualsoiloraggregate.Whendegradationoccurs,themaximumdryunitweightincreasessothatthelaboratorymaximumvalueisnotrepresentativeoffieldconditions.Often,inthesecases,themaximumdryunitweightisimpossibletoachieveinthefield.Onemethodtodesignandcontrolthecompactionofsuchsoilsistouseatestfilltodeterminetherequireddegreeofcompactionandthemethodtoobtainthatcompaction,followedbytheuseofamethodspecificationtocontrolthecompaction.Componentsofamethodspecificationtypicallycontainthetypeandsizeofcompactionequipmenttobeused,theliftthickness,andthenumberofpasses.Note48212;Successinexecutingthecompactioncontrolofanearthworkproject,especiallywhenamethodspecificationisused,ishighlydependentuponthequalityandexperienceofthex201C;contractorx201D;andx201C;inspector.x201D;GapGraded8212;Gap-gradedsoils(soilscontainingmanylargeparticleswithlimitedsmallparticles)areaproblembecausethecompactedsoilwillhavelargervoidsthanusual.Tohandletheselargevoids,standardtestmethods(laboratoryorfield)typicallyhavetobemodifiedusingengineeringjudgment.GravellySoilsPossessingLowAngularityandHighPercentageofFines8212;Gravellysoilspossessinglowangularityandahighpercentageoffinescanleadtopoorresultsfordryunitweightwhenusingthewet/saturatedmethod.However,whenwatercontentsatthetimeofcompactionarenearsaturationwithnofreewater,thedryunitweightachievedmayresultinahighervaluethanthatfromthedrymethod.Ultimately,duringdensification,thematerialmayreachasaturatedstate.Therefore,forthesesoils,awatercontentof1o......